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GUIDE TO PREPARING PAPERS FOR SUBMISSION
TO FTTF CONFERENCES

The writing of papers is only the first step to publishing. Getting a paper included in
conference proceedings involves authors in editing and laying out their own papers.
Precise specifications for laying out the paper help to reduce the work of the
conference organizers in compiling the proceedings. Font sizes, paragraph formats
and other details are specified so that proceedings can be presented in a consistent and
professional style. This document is formatted according to the guidelines, in order to
provide an example for authors. Please refer to this document for assistance when
using the FTTF paper template to write your paper. The FTTF paper template – a
Word file containing only the styles needed to prepare your paper – is available from
fttfconference.fsm.edu.tr.
Keywords: keywords in lower case and alphabetical sequence separated by commas,
finishing with full-stop.

INTRODUCTION
Each element of this document is formatted according to particular styles, which are
the same as those defined within the FTTF (Microsoft Word) template. The FTTF
paper template (fttf-modelpaper.doc) includes all the styles that you will need, and has
been locked in order to limit you to just those styles. For example, if you paste text
from another document, the inserted text will automatically be converted to ‘Normal’
style; Times New Roman 12, with 6pt spacing after the paragraph. You may then
want to apply the styles provided within the template.

STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT

The title of the paper should be specific, making clear what the paper is about without
demanding that the paper be read in order to ascertain its contents. Although the style
(Paper_Title) will force all text to appear as upper case, you should type it in lower
case (except for the initial letter and proper nouns) to ensure that the case is correct in
the index of the proceedings.
The same approach – lower case except for the initial letter and proper nouns – should
also be adopted for all headings in your paper. Main headings will be
‘Section_Heading’ style, sub-headings will be ‘Section_Sub-heading’ style, and subsub-
headings will be ‘Minor_Heading’ style. If necessary, use bullet points increasing
levels of detail below sub-sub-headings.
Please leave the footers empty
Please note that if you try to apply bold or italics to any text in the FTTF template,
the paragraph will automatically revert to the Normal style. You will then need to reapply
the appropriate Style. Bold and italics can only be used where already included
in the styles, e.g. within headings and captions. If you do not use the template, we
will copy your text into the template on your behalf, perhaps producing a layout and
heading structure that you did not intend.

AUTHORS

Please include author details on the paper. We will remove author details from paper
to allow for blind review. We will insert the author details at the final edit stage.

WRITING INFORMATIVE ABSTRACTS

Abstracts are often the least considered but most important part of any paper. Most
readers of a journal or conference proceedings will read most of the abstracts, but
very few will read the full papers. Perhaps 95% of readers will read only the abstract.
The need for abstracts to be terse often causes difficulty and can taint what is
otherwise a perfectly acceptable style of writing. Certain problems are common.
Some of the recommendations here are based upon accepted good practice in abstract
writing; others are simply a question of style or consistency. The following
suggestions should help to reduce the need for authors to re-write their abstracts.
The abstract should not be a table of contents in prose, neither should it be an
introduction. It should be informative. Tell the reader what the research was about,
how it was undertaken and what was discovered, but not how the paper is organized.
The main findings must be summarized. If there are too many of them, then just
exemplify them in the abstract. The essential elements of the abstract are:
• Background: A simple opening sentence or two placing the work in context.
• Aims: One or two sentences giving the purpose of the work.
• Method(s): One or two sentences explaining what was done.
• Results: One or two sentences indicating the main findings.
• Conclusions: One sentence giving the most important consequence of the
work.

INTRODUCTION OF THE PAPER

Begin the paper with statements introducing the general area and the reason that this
work is important. Explain what was important about the particular approach and how
this work relates to previous work in the field.

Sub-heading

It is helpful to break the argument into steps by the use of sub-headings. In a paper
of this length, there is little to be gained from going to further levels of sub-subheading.
With only two levels, heading numbering is not needed.

CITATION OF REFERENCES
Different information will be needed to provide an adequate reference to the various
sorts of publication. Listed below are the elements that should be included in a
reference to each of the most common types of publication. Within the text of the
document, work and ideas can be cited using the author’s surname and year of
publication. This enables it to be looked up in the list of references at the end of the
paper, sorted alphabetically, by authors’ surnames, and presented without bullets or
numbers. If the author’s name is not part of the phrasing of the sentence, then it will
be in brackets with the year (Hughes 2002) whereas if you are using the author’s name
as part of the text of the sentence, then only the year is in brackets. When citing
author and year together, there is no need to separate them with a comma.

The precise location within the source material can be given as page number(s) after a colon
(Hughes 2002: 34-36).
Referencing a book
1. Name(s) of author(s)/editor(s) Surname first, followed by initials, but without
full-stops after initials. (If editors, add Ed. or Eds, as appropriate, in brackets)
2. Year of publication, in brackets, with no punctuation after it
3. Title of the book in double quotation marks, followed by full-stop
4. Edition, if not the first
5. Place of publication followed by colon
6. Name of publisher
7. Number of volumes, if more than one
Examples:
Burns, T and Stalker, G M (1966) “The management of innovation”. London: Tavistock.
Walker, A (1996) “Project management in construction”. 3ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Referencing a paper/chapter in a book
1. Name(s) of author(s) of the paper/chapter, surname first, followed by initials,
but without full-stops after initials
2. Year of publication, in brackets (no full-stop or comma after it)
3. Title of the paper or chapter
4. Editor(s) of the book, prefaced with the word In: and followed by Ed. or Eds.
in brackets
5. Title of the book in double quotation marks
6. Volume number, part number, where applicable
7. Place of publication
8. Name of publisher
Example:
Flint, F O (1984) Advances in light microscopy of foods. In: G.G. Birch and K.J. Parker,
(eds.) “Control of food quality and food analysis”. London: Elsevier Applied Science
Publishers.
Referencing an article in a periodical
1. Name(s) of author(s) of the article, surname first, followed by initials, but
without full-stops after initials
2. Year of publication, in brackets (no full-stop or comma after it)
3. Title of article
4. Full title of the periodical (or an accepted abbreviation, as given in the World
List of Scientific Periodicals, but the full title is preferred) in double quotation
marks
5. Volume number

6. Issue number, in brackets. You don’t always have to give the issue number, if
pages in issues within the volume are numbered consecutively, but for those
journals where each issue re-starts at page 1, it is essential.
7. Page numbers
Example:
Wantanakorn, D, Mawdesley, M J and Askew, W H (1999) Management errors in
construction. “Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management”, 6(2), 112-
20.

Reference to a thesis
1. Name of author, surname first
2. Year of publication, in brackets
3. Title of thesis, in double quotation marks
4. Type of degree (e.g. PhD or MSc) usually: Unpublished PhD thesis
5. Name of the Department
6. Name of the University
Example:
El-Askari Khaled Mohamed, S (2000) “A methodology for expenditure planning of irrigation
infrastructure using hydraulic modelling techniques”, Unpublished PhD Thesis,
Department of Engineering, University of Southampton.
Reference to a paper in a conference
1. Author(s) of the paper
2. Year of publication in brackets (no full-stop or comma after it)
3. Title of the paper or chapter
4. Editor(s) of the conference proceedings, prefaced with the word In: and
followed by Ed. or Eds. in brackets.
5. Title of the conference in double quotation marks
6. Date of conference
7. Location of conference
8. Publisher of Proceedings
9. Volume number, part number, where applicable
10. Start and end page numbers of the whole paper
Example
Ashton, P and Gidado, K (2001) Risk associated with inadequate site investigation procedures
under design and build procurement systems. In: Akintoye, A (Ed.), “17th Annual
ARCOM Conference”, 5-7 September 2001, University of Salford. Association of
Researchers in Construction Management, Vol. 1, 961-9.

CONCLUSIONS
Every paper should finish with conclusions, explaining the discoveries of the research
and its impact. The conclusion should follow from the work that was done. New
material should not be introduced in the conclusions, although it is often useful to
refer back to earlier section so of the paper to show how the questions posed at the
beginning have been answered.
REFERENCES
The list of references should be laid out as detailed in these guidance notes, using the style
References, and with one reference per paragraph (no blank paragraphs are needed
between them).